Triazine aldehyde compounds and fuel oil compositions containing the same



Fatent O TRIAZINE ALDEHYDE COMPOUNDS AND OIL coMPosiTroNs CONTAJNING THE SAME Elliot N. Schubert, Paul I. Du Brow, and Richard L.

Betcher, Chicago, Ill., assignors to Armour and Comparity, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Application October 3, 1955 Serial No. 538,255

12" Claims. (Cl. 44-63) This invention relates to anew and useful class: of triaziiie aldehyde compounds. In one of its aspects, this invention relates to improved fuel oil compositions conornooHo hammer-"tart n wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and R and R" are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of radicals coming within the definition of R include octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl, octadecenyl, octadecadienyl, octadecatrienyl, and mixtures of hydrocarbon radicals as derived from tallow, coconut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, and other ani mal and vegetable oils. within the definition of R and R" include methyl, ethyl, propyhisop'ropyl, butyl, and isobutyl. In our preferred compounds, R and R are, in each instance, methyl radicals and R, which is also the same in each instance, is a mixture of hydrocarbon radicals derived from tallow, coconut oil or soybean oil fatty acids. Thus, one preferred compound is l,3,5-tris[N-tallow-N(B-formylfiifidimethylethyly aminopropyll 1,3,5 hexahydrotriazine.

Other preferred compounds are the corresponding coco and soya derivatives.

The triazine aldehyde compounds of the present invention can be prepared by a modified type of 'Mannich reaction which involves reacting a N-substituted trimethylenediamine with formaldehyde and a lower alkyl aldehyde in 1:2:1 molar proportions. In the reaction one mol of the formaldehyde reacts with the primary amine portion of the diamine to form the hexahydrotriazine and the remaining mol of formaldehyde together with the lower alkyl aldehyde react with the secondary amine portion of the trimethylene diamine to form a propionaldehyde substituent on 'the same. The reaction can be illustrated by the following equation in which simplified formulas are employed:

Examples of radicals coming 'ice 2. It will be understood that R, R hereinbefore defined.

The N-substituted trimethylenediamines employed as one of the starting materials are commercially available compounds. They are sold under the trade name Duomeen and are prepared generally by reacting long-chain primary amines with acrylonitrile followed by hydrogenation of the nitrile" group to an: amine.

The formaldehyde can be employedin the form of a water solution (formalin), the trime'r, trioxymethylene, or the polymer paraformaldehyde.

In producing the triazine aldehyde compounds of the present invention, formaldehyde, preferably as an aqueous solution, is added over a period of about to 30 minutes at a temperature in the range of 60 to 100 C. to the N-aliphatic trimethylenediamine which is preferably dissolved in a suitablensolvent such as methanol, ethanol and R" are the same as or isopropanol. The lower alkyl aldehyde is then added and the mixture refluxed with stirring for a period of about 2 hours. The reaction time will vary, generally, between about 1 and 12 hours. After cooling and settling is allowed to take place, the aqueous alcohol layer is then separated from the product layer, which is a yellowish oil, and the latter heated at reduced pressure for several hours to remove volatile impurities. The product can then be used as an additive for fuel oils.

It is well known that hydrocarbon fuel oils, such as those used in burner systems, Diesel and combustion engines and other industrial and domestic equipment, are subject to numerous shortcomings due to chemical deterioration and impurities. This is particularly true of fuel oils which contain a substantial quantity of cracked components. For example, the oils tend in the presence of water to become corrosive to metallic surfaces after short periods of storage or exposure to the atmosphere. Many oils tend to develop undesirable solids: or sludge Which deleteriously affect their usefulness, either by diminution of their combustive capacities or by their tendency to clog the filters present in the equipment being employed. Also, the oils tend to develop undesirable color. We have found that our triazine aldehyde compounds are effective in reducing the above mentioned shortcomings in fuel oils.

The hydrocarbon distillate fuel oils in which the triazine aldehyde compounds of the present invention are dispersed or dissolved can be treated or untreated cracked fuel oils or mixtures of cracked fuel oils with straightrun fuel oils, said fuel oils having components normally distilling from about 300 F. to about 700 F. Preferred fuel oils having a boiling range of from about 340 F. to about 700 F., and particularly from about 400 F. to about 675 F. Specifically, hydrocarbon distillates which are utilized as bases in the improved fuel oil compositions of the present invention are cracked gas oils, fuel oils, furnace oils, burner oils, diesel fuel oils, kerosene, etc., and mixtures of said cracked fuels with the corresponding or like straight-run hydrocarbon frac- 2% by weight of water was added to each sample before 50 to about 100 Parts Per million of a triazinealdehyeestorage. compound represented by the formula:

At the end of 13 weeks the amount of insoluble sludge 7 R in each of the samples was determined by filtering 400 h CH2 b cc. of each sample through F frlt sintered glass Gooch 60 crucibles and rinsing the crucibles and bottles free of N HZOHCH2N R fuel oil with mineral spirits. The crucibles and bottles H, H2 R R" were the; waslhedh algain gvith 1a 50t50 mixltuge of acetong Y 6 and met yl aco o to isso ve e insou e gum an this filtrate was collected in a 100 cc. tared moisture dish 65 V N,

and Solvent evaporated. The gum P1118 the y dish wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having.

e dried to Constant Weight at in an from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and R and R" are selected circulating oven and the weight of the gum determined. from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl 1 The control contained 48.5 mgs. of insoluble sludge radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

per liter of oil. The sample containing the coco deriva- 70 9. A domestic furnace oil having present therein asubtive as additive contained 34.2 mgs. per liter of insoluble stantial quantity of cracked components containing abou 3 j. as highas 1 or 2 weight percent, we prefer, i the case determined with a National Petroleum Association of a domestic fuel oil containing a substanital quantity C0101 Wheel used in a Hellige Companion of cracked components, to add between about 50 and i l 1 of each sample was One and halfe. about 100 parts per million of additive. Our triazine final l r o e Control Sample Was three d f aldehyde compounds are, in general, liquids and oil- 5 While each of the test Samples had a final 90101 of 1? soluble and can be dissolved to provide the desired than three and half- 3 concentration of additive in the resulting fuel oil. While this invention has been described and 6X61'X1P1i9,

The following examples will help to illustrate the fied in terms of its preferred embodiments, those skilled underlying principles of our invention: in the art will appreciate that modifications can be maria 1 Example I 10 without departing from the spirit and scope of invention.

63 gms. or 0.2 mol of N-coco trimethylenediamine was We claim:

dissolved in 200 ml. of 3A alcohol and the solution 1. A triazinealdehyde compound represented by heated to about 50 C. 32.4 gms. or 0.43 mol of 40% formula: formalinwas added dropwise over a period of one hour I RI RI! while the mixture was mechanically stirred. 14.4 gms. or 0.2 mol of isobutyraldehyde was added to the two- OHQCCHO CHiCCHO' phase system yielding a clear solution which was refluxed R-NCHzCHzCHa- N-CHzCHzflE i for 2 hours. The cloudy solution which resulted on on, R R cooling was stripped of alcohol and water at reduced CH COHO pressure. The yellow oily liquid product had aneutral 2 equivalent of 368 and the infra-red spectrum showed CH20H20H2NR Strong absorption bands a155-9 IL and H indicating an wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having-l aldehyde gnOnP and an imine group, respect e y Thus, from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and R and R are selected, the Product Pfedneed was dfi 25 from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkylgi 5 1 m y hy hi pr Wy heXahYdmtriflradicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. zine. 2, 1,3,5-tris [N-tallow-N(B-formylB, 3-dim thylethyl)f Example II -amin propyl]-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine. y

3. 1,3,5-tris [N-coco-N({i-forrnyl-/3,;8-dimethylethyl) y aminopropyll-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.

4. 1,3,5-tris [N-soya-N(/3-formyl-B,B-dimethylethyl) yaminopropyl]-1,3,S-hexahydrotriazine. 5. 1,3,5-tris' [N-dodecyl-N(fl-formyl-;3,,3-dirnethylethyl-- 'y-aminopropyl]-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.

6. An improved fuel oil composition containing as any additive from about 0.0025 to 2 weight percent of a tria-g zine aldehyde compound represented by the formula:

76 gms. or 0.2 mol of N-tallow trimethylenediamine was dissolved in 200 ml. of 3A alcohol and the solution heated to about 50 C. 32.4 gms. or 0.43 mol of 40% formalin was added with mechanical stirring over a period of 15 minutes. 14.4 gms. or 0.2 mol of isobutyraldehyde was added and the mixture refluxed for 2 hours. Upon cooling the mixture separated into two layers. The upper layer was diluted with water causing more product to separate and this product combined with the lower layer. The oily product was stripped of water and alcohol at reduced pressure. The product had a 40 (311200110 CH2 CHiOCHO neutral equivalent of 406, and its infra-red spectrum had H,0H,N-R strong absorption bands at 5.9 ,u. and 6.1 ,u indicating an CH OH R aldehyde group and an imine group, respectively. Thus, I

the product produced was 1,3,5-trisEN-tallow-N-(B- N (IJHEOCHO formyl-fl,p-dimetltylethyl 'y aminqpropyl] -1,3,5-hexahy- HzOHzCHzN-R drotriazine.

E I III wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having; I xamp e from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and R and R" are selecteds A domestic furnace oil comprised of 100% catalytically from the group Conslstlng 0f hydrogen and lower ll cracked stock was used to prepare a control and two Tadlcals cPntalmng from to 4 PP atom? test samples containing 100 parts per million each of Improved fuel 011 composlllon contalnlng 5 1 3 5- i f m l-5;5-di1netl1ylethy1)' -a iadditive from about 0.0025 to 2 weight percent of 1,3,5 nopropyl]1,3,5-heXahydrotriazine and 1,3,5-tris [N-tal- [N tauow W formyl I 5 dlmethylethyl) '7" low-N-(,B-formyl-fi,fl-dimethylethyl)'y aminopropyl] -1,3- ammopropyl] 11JJ-heXahXdPOtUaZme- 5-hexahydrotriazine. The samples were stored in vented A domestlc furnace havmg Present therem a containers protected from light at 110 F. for 13 weeks. stantial quantity of cracked components containing abou sludge, and the sample containing the tallow derivative 50 to about parts per million of 1,3,5-tris [N-tallow as an additive contained 30.0 mgs. per liter of insoluble N(fi formyl [3,3 dimethylethyl) 'y aminopropyl]- I sludge. i 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.

Both the initial and final color of the test samples was 7 10. A domestic furnace oil having present therein a sub-. 1

stantial quantity of cracked components containing about 50 to about 100 parts per million of 1,3,5-tris [N-soyo- N(p forrnyl ,6,,B dirnethylethyl) 'y aminopropy11- 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.

11. A domestic furnace oil having present therein a substantial quantity of cracked components containing about 50 to about 100 parts per million of 1,3,5-tris [N- coco N(B formyl [3,fl-dimethylethyl)-'y-aminopropyl]- 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.

12. 'A domestic furnace oil having present therein a substantial quantity of cracked components containing about 50 to about 100 parts per million of 1,3,5-tris [N- 6 'i q dodecyl N03 formyl 3,5 dimethylethyD-y-aminopropyl]-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,651,631 Zerner et a1. Sept. 8, 1953 2,675,382 Melamed Apr. 13, 1954 2,685,581 Coover Aug. 3, 1954 2,701,187 Andress Feb. 1, 1955 2,714,057 Chenicek July 26, 1955' 

6. AN IMPROVED FUEL OIL COMPOSITION CONTAINING AS AN ADDITIVE FROM ABOUT 0.0025 TO 2 WEIGHT PERCENT OF A TRIAZINE ALDEHYDE COMPOUND REPRESENTED BY THE FORMULA: 